Degradability Enhancement of Poly(Lactic Acid) by Stearate-Zn(3)Al LDH Nanolayers

Recent environmental problems and societal concerns associated with the disposal of petroleum based plastics throughout the world have triggered renewed efforts to develop new biodegradable products compatible with our environment. This article describes the preparation, characterization and biodegradation study of poly(lactic acid)/layered double hydroxide (PLA/LDH) nanocomposites from PLA and stearate-Zn₃Al LDH. A solution casting method was used to prepare PLA/stearate-Zn₃Al LDH nanocomposites. The anionic clay Zn₃Al LDH was firstly prepared by co-precipitation method from a nitrate salt solution at pH 7.0 and then modified by stearate anions through an ion exchange reaction. This modification increased the basal spacing of the synthetic clay from 8.83 Å to 40.10 Å. The morphology and properties of the prepared PLA/stearate-Zn₃Al LDH nanocomposites were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), tensile tests as well as biodegradation studies. From the XRD analysis and TEM observation, the stearate-Zn₃Al LDH lost its ordered stacking-structure and was greatly exfoliated in the PLA matrix. Tensile test results of PLA/stearate-Zn₃Al LDH nanocomposites showed that the presence of around 1.0–3.0 wt % of the stearate-Zn₃Al LDH in the PLA drastically improved its elongation at break. The biodegradation studies demonstrated a significant biodegradation rate improvement of PLA in the presence of stearate-Zn₃Al LDH nanolayers. This effect can be caused by the catalytic role of the stearate groups in the biodegradation mechanism leading to much faster disintegration of nanocomposites than pure PLA.     

单侧光照条件下的粘连大米图像增强

在单侧光照条件下,由于米粒间的相互遮挡以及米粒垩白度的影响,采集的大米粘连图像在二值化后,容易导致亮度低的米粒图像信息丢失。因此,需要对图像进行增强。该文使用幂次变换法,直方图均衡法以及局部增强法对粘连大米图像进行增强处理。通过对比和分析,以期得到单侧光照条件下最适合增强粘连大米图像的方法。实验结果表明,幂次变换和局部增强方法效果较好,有利于后续的粘连分割。     

一种基于数学形态学与小波域增强的滤波算法

为了有效滤除图像高斯噪声,将数学形态学与小波域增强相结合,提出了一种高斯噪声新型滤波算法.该算法首先将噪声图像进行二维小波分解,得到低频和高频子图像;然后保留低频子图像不变,对各高频子图像根据其噪声分布特点分别设计出多角度、多结构逐级形态学滤波器进行滤波处理,并进行小波分解系数重构;最后对经过形态学滤波后的图像进行2层小波分解,通过设计出一种新型小波增强函数对不同幅值的小波系数进行不同程度的收缩处理,在此基础上进行分解系数重构.将自适应中值滤波与数学形态学滤波与本文算法进行比较,实验证明本文滤波算法其去噪效果优于前两种算法.     

Li+增强Ho3+/Yb3+:Y2O3纳米晶的上转化发光研究

采用凝胶溶胶法制备了不同浓度的Y2O3:Ho3+/Yb3+/Li+纳米晶,并且系统研究了不同掺杂浓度对上转化荧光现象的影响。首先,通过XRD图形判断了晶体结构的生成,再通过980 nm的激光器和荧光光谱仪测得的光谱图,发现了位于520~579 nm的绿光、635~674 nm的红光等两条很强的可见光,还有一条较弱的位于743~775 nm的近红外发光。最后,通过与能级图比较和分析可以得出:它们分别是5F4/5S2→5I8,5F5→5I8和5F4/5S2→5I7荧光跃迁。可以看出:在掺杂入Li+之后,上转化荧光得到了极大增强。     

分数阶微分在图像纹理增强中的应用

为了实现对模糊图像边缘及纹理的增强,使图像的细节信息更加清晰,需要对图像进行锐化增强。现有的增强方法一般是整数阶微分锐化及高通滤波,由于这些方法的处理效果仍不理想,文中引入了分数阶微分算子。分数阶微分不仅可以很好地增强图像的边缘和纹理信息,还可以保留平滑区域信息,抑制较大噪声。研究并分析了Tiansi分数阶微分算子的原理及特点,并对其进行了改进,提出了一种新的分数阶微分算子,可以更好地增强图像的边缘和纹理信息,同时保证图像的亮度不产生大幅度变化,而且可以抑制较小噪声的影响。从定量的角度分析,改进的分数阶微分算子的平均梯度最大可比原图像提高3.8倍。从而验证了改进的分数阶微分算子比整数阶微分算子如Laplace算子及Tiansi分数阶微分算子具有优越性,且算法简单易于实现,可应用于工程中的实时图像处理系统中。     

LTE-Advanced下行链路多天线技术研究

分析了下行链路中的参考符号结构,描述了码本设计的工作原理,验证了下行链路多天线增强方案的系统性能,最后预测了LTE-AdvancedR11中LTE-Advanced下行链路多天线技术的发展趋势。     

湿度标准及湿度计量之进展

Determination of the wet-bulb temperature at the surface of a material is the basis of one class of humidity measuring instruments, and is important in industrial applications such as dryer modelling and simulation. The psychrometer equation is a frequently used method of estimating wet-bulb temperature, and contains a psychrometer “constant”. Analysis shows that this is in fact a variable coefficient affected by temperature, pressure,radiation and conduction effects, and the identity of the gas and vapour. Radiation and conduction affect the difference between adiabatic saturation temperature and indicated wet-bulb temperature. Inconsistencies in currently recommended values for the psychrometer coefficient, including published international standards, are identified and explained. Particular problems arise when the enhancement factor is applied to vapour pressure to account for non-ideality of gases. Special considerations are also needed for wet-bulb temperatures approaching the boiling point, where the psychrometer coefficient tends to zero. Self-consistent recommendations recently published in the new British Standard BS1339 are given, which cover both the air-water system and a general vapour-gas system.     

旋转填充床中SO2与O2同时吸收的扩散-反应模型

In this paper the rotating packed bed, a new type of absorber, which has high mass-transfer characteristic by means of centrifugal field instead of gravity field, is used to study on stimulated flue gas desulfurization. Based on experimental data,a model of mass-transfer and reaction of the sulfur dioxide chemical absorption in the rotating packed bed reactor is proposed according to the film-theory. It can be used to predict the performance of the total absorption rate and the enhancement factor of the sulfur dioxide and oxygen simultaneous absorption in the rotating packed bed reactor.The prediction of the model is consistent with the experimental result varying operating conditions, and the relative error between experimental result and predicted result is below 12%. Some interesting potential projects of simultaneous absorption of sulfur dioxide and oxygen in the rotating packed bed reactor are also discussed.
     

添加剂强化沸腾传热的综合评价及预测

A model of evaluation and prediction of enhancement of boiling heat transfer with additives has been proposed according to fuzzy fundamentals. Correlative appraisement of boiling heat transfer augmentation was done with the model based on 39 additives which were tested by the authors and other researchers. The results show that the evaluation of 35 additives is consistent with experiments, which means that the accuracy of the model is 89.7 percent. In addition, the prediction of the ability of boiling heat transfer enhancement with sodium oleate, polyethylene glycol and Tween-40 is also in good agreement with correspondent experiments.     

可持续发展思想与人才素质培养

本文结合未来社会对大学生素质的要求,论述了可持续发展思想在培养学生正确的世界观、价值观和技术观,以及培养学生综合分析能力、宏观决策能力等方面的重要性和积极作用